Cisco IOS默认支持4条等价链路的负载均衡，最大支持6条。Eigrp支持不等价链路的负载均衡，合作variance命令，跟上一个乘数，默认是1（即代表等价链路的均衡负载，variance的值的范围是1~128，这个乘数代表了可以接受的不等价链咯的度量值的倍数，在这个范围内的链路都将被接受，并且被加入路由表中）

下面详解一下EiGRP非等价负载均衡配置。示例图如下所示

eigrp-unequal

基本配置：

一、配置路由器R1

R1(config)#route eigrp 100

R1(config-router)#network  192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network  192.168.200.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#network  192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

二、配置路由器R2（R2为时钟端）

R2(config-if)#int s0/0/0

R2(config-if)#bandwidth 64

R2(config-if)#int s0/0/1

R2(config-if)#bandwidth 128

R2(config)#router eigrp 100

R2(config-router)#network  192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255

R2(config-router)#network  192.168.200.0 0.0.0.255

R2(config-router)#network  192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

下面查看一下R2的路由表和拓扑表

R2#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

D    192.168.1.0/24 [90/20514560] via 192.168.200.1, 00:13:38, Serial0/0/1

C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

C    192.168.200.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

从以上结果可以看到网络192.168.1.0的路径只有一条s0/0/1

 

R2#show ip eigrp topology

IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS 1

Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,

       r - Reply status

P 192.168.100.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 40512000

         via Connected, Serial0/0/0

P 192.168.200.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 20512000

         via Connected, Serial0/0/1

P 192.168.1.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 20514560

         via 192.168.200.1 (20514560/28160), Serial0/0/1

         via 192.168.100.1 (4294967295/28160), Serial0/0/0

P 192.168.2.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 28160

         via Connected, FastEthernet0/0

从邻居表可以看出，通过192.168.200.1到达192.168.1.0网络的FD是20514560，通过192.168.100.1到达192.168.1.0网络的FD是4294967295，所以EIGRP选择FD小的放入路由表中。

下面通过修改variance来实现非等价负载均衡

R2(config)#route eigrp 1

R2(config-router)#variance 2

 

R2#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

       i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

       * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

       P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

D    192.168.1.0/24 [90/20514560] via 192.168.200.1, 00:04:21, Serial0/0/1 

                              [90/4294967295] via 192.168.100.1, 00:04:21, Serial0/0/0

C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C    192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0

C    192.168.200.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1

从上可以看出，通过修改variance的值，到达192.168.1.0网络的路径变成两条，从而实现了非等价负载均衡。

注：以上为正确配置，不过本人在Packet Tracer 5.1环境下没有配置成功，查看R2路由表时到达192.168.1.0的路径只有一条，可能是模拟器的问题。